안녕하세요 이웃님들 ^.^
좋은 아침이네요.
날씨가 갈수록 쌀쌀해지네요.
감기 조심 하시구요
오늘은 간만에 문법 수동태와 능동태를 포스팅 해보려고 합니다.
중학교/고등학교때 수동 능동 구분 한다고 고생을 많이한 생각이 드네요.
1. 능동태(Active Voice)란? 주어가 동작을 ‘직접’ 하는 형태를 말하는데요.
■ 공식
주어 + 동사 + 목적어
■ 예문
Tom eats an apple.
→ 톰이 사과를 먹는다.
(주어 Tom이 동작 eat을 ‘직접’ 함)
능동태는 행위자(주어)가 중요할 때 사용 되는데요.
그럼 수동태를 살펴 볼가요?
2. 수동태(Passive Voice)란? 동작을 받는 대상이 주어가 되는 형태야. 즉, 주어가 행동을 당하는 상황이죠.
■ 공식
주어 + be동사 + 과거분사(p.p.) + (by + 행위자)
■ 기본 구조 변환
능동태: Tom eats an apple.
수동태: An apple is eaten (by Tom).
■ 예문 분석
An apple is eaten by Tom.
→ 사과가 톰에게 먹힌다.
(행동의 대상 apple이 주어가 됨)
by + 행위자는 필요 없으면 생략 가능해.
→ 누가 했는지가 중요하지 않을 때 수동태를 더 많이 쓰는 이유.
3. 수동태 만드는 법 (핵심 공식)
수동태 = be동사 + p.p.
| 시제 | 능동태 | 수동태 |
| 현재 | eat | is eaten |
| 과거 | ate | was eaten |
| 현재진행 | is eating | is being eaten |
| 과거진행 | was eating | was being eaten |
| 현재완료 | has eaten | has been eaten |
| 미래 | will eat | will be eaten |
4. 수동태가 쓰이는 이유
수동태는 단순히 “받는다”라는 의미뿐 아니라 다음 상황에서 많이 사용이 되는데요.
(1) 행위자를 몰라서
My car was stolen.
→ 내 차가 도난당했다. (누가 훔쳤는지는 모르거나 말할 필요 없음)
(2) 행위자가 중요하지 않아서
English is spoken all over the world.
→ 영어는 전 세계에서 사용된다.
(3) 행위자를 말하고 싶지 않을 때
The mistake was made.
→ 실수가 발생했다. (누가 했는지 말하고 싶지 않음)
5. 능동태 → 수동태 변환 공식 (한 번에 정리)
능동태의 목적어 → 수동태의 주어
동사는 be동사 + p.p.로 바꿈 시제 유지
원래 주어는 by + 명사 형태로 옮김 (필요 시 생략 가능)
예)
Active: They built the house.
→ Passive: The house was built (by them).
6. 수동태가 불가능한 동사
목적어가 없는 자동사(intransitive verb)**는 수동태가 될 수 없거든요.
예시 자동사:
arrive, happen, occur, sleep, die, laugh, stay 등
❌ The accident was happened.
✔️ The accident happened.
7. 예문 비교로 완전 이해하기
Active: The chef cooks the meal.
Passive: The meal is cooked by the chef.
Active: Someone broke the window.
Passive: The window was broken.
Active: They will finish the job tomorrow.
Passive: The job will be finished tomorrow.
Active: The company is developing a new app.
Passive: A new app is being developed by the company.
Active: They have completed the project.
Passive: The project has been completed.
그럼 이제 문제를 풀어 볼까요?
정답은 맨 아래에 있습니다.
아래의 빈칸에 들어갈 답을 골라 보세요
1. She seems ........................... everything.
a) to know
b) to be knowing
2. They don't seem ......................... each other.
a) to like
b) liking
3. The Chief Guest ............................... at 7.30 but he was late.
a) is expected to arrive
b) is supposed to arrive
c) was epected to arrive
4. We .............................. start work at 9 but we rarely do anything until 9.30.
a) are expected to
b) are supposed to
c) Either could be used here
5. Something ............................ to improve the situation.
a) needs to do
b) should do
c) needs to be done
6. If you had locked the car, it ................................
a) wouldn't have stolen
b) wouldn't have been stolen
c) wouldn't been stolen
7. We .......................... to hear the news. We could hardly speak.
a) shocked
b) were shocked
c) were shocking
8. She was very quiet today. She ........................... said a word.
a) didn't
b) hardly
c) don't
9. I will have to go shopping today. There is .......................... to eat.
a) noting
b) hardly enything
c) either could be used here
10. Our new boss is not very popular. ......................... likes him. 2개 선택
a) Nobody
b) Hardly anybody
c) Anybody
d)Hardly nobody
정답
1. She seems to know everything.
2. They don’t seem to know each other.
3. The Chief Guest was supposed to come at 7.30 but he arrived late.
4. We are supposed to start work at 9 but we rarely do anything until 9.30.
5. Something needs to be done to improve the situation.
6. If you had locked the car, it wouldn’t have been stolen.
7. We were shocked to hear the news. We could hardly speak.
8. She was very quiet today. She hardly said a word.
9. I will have to go shopping today. There is nothing to eat.
10. Our new boss is not very popular. Hardly anybody likes him.
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